The guest worker program and immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The guest worker program and immigrants - Essay Example After one and a half years of temporary residency the individual can apply for permanent legal rights by demonstration of minimal knowledge of English language, US history and administration. If the guest worker program is legalized the government would require to create and grant 200,000 two year visas every year. In this context, it may be noted, â€Å"As of November 2, 1989 2,059,600 persons of all nationalities had been approved as temporary residents among 3,031,166 who had applied for legalization and had received preliminary processing, only 115,646 applications had been denied, 612 cases had been terminated and 855,300 are pending.†. The guest worker program was introduced in United States in 2004 to attract the much-needed labor at that time in different industries. This program aimed at improving the lives of the immigrants in the United States by offering them opportunities open in the country. Under this program the job positions that remain unfilled by the America ns can be offered to the immigrants who have valid work permit. The system required the employers, contributing to the guest worker program, to register the non-American employees hired, such that the government could maintain a record. This policy helped in filling up the positions that did not attract the American Workers. This program helped in registrations of many immigrants. The government provided permits to the immigrants participating in the Guest worker program, for a period of three years, after which the permit was renewed if the certain requirements were met.

Teacher Education Essay Example for Free

Teacher Education Essay A teacher is someone whose job is to teach especially in a school whether it is a secondary school, primary school or even kindergarten. Every teacher should have their qualification in order to be a teacher in a school. So, I think that a kindergarten teacher should have at least a basic degree to qualify them to be a good kindergarten teacher. Why kindergarten teacher should have a basic degree? There are several reasons why kindergarten teachers need a basic degree which is to ensure the children get a good early education, the teachers can provide good teaching skills and to increase the competition among the university students nowadays. Teachers with a basic degree will ensure the children get a good early education. As we all know, world nowadays needs people with high level of education and to fulfill this mission, we need a teachers with wide knowledges and experiences which is a graduated students with basic degree can provide. . Besides, the children are like a white and blank cloth so it is teachers and parents who will colour them. The teachers with a basic degree have good enough knowledge to teach their students and they can provide correct and good education for the kids thus producing good generation for the future. The kindergarten teachers with a basic degree also can provide a good teaching skill for the students. At the university, the students are well teached with the ways to provide good study environment, good teaching skills and various styles to comfort the students. So, the teachers can teach the kids in a proper way ensuring they get a good education and the teachers can provide a good and enjoyful environment for the children to study well thus producing excellent and intelligent students. As we know, the children are very active so we need an enjoyful and bright environment to comfort them. The needs for kindergarten teachers to have at least a basic degree can increase the competition among the university students nowadays. The rate of failure rate among the students in the university nowadays is increasing so the increase of qualification in order to get a job will ensure the students to study hard to achieve good results when they graduated. This will  increase the level of education in our country thus producing good image for the country. In conclusion, the kindergarten teachers should have at least a basic degree to make sure the children get a well early educat

Experience of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Pregnancy

Experience of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Pregnancy Lived Experience of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose among Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Abstract Key words:Self-monitoring of blood glucose, gestational diabetes mellitus INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance first identified during pregnancy. It is diagnosed using a 75g or 100 g oral glucose tolerance test according to clinical practice guidelines. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women is increasing worldwide because of unhealthy eating and lack of exercise. Prepregnancy overweight and gestational weight gain are the strongest predictors of GDM (Savona-Venturaet al.,2013). Previous studies showed that 5.0-12.9% of pregnant women have GDM (Cho, 2013). Pregnant women who have gestational diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop adverse pregnancy and child birth outcomes. Common maternalhealth complications are hypertensivedisorder (3.0-50.0%), preterm labour (2.0-14%), spontaneous abortion (3.5-25.3%), polyhydramnios (5.0-28.0%, and postpartum hemorrhage (6.0-10.5%). Neonatal complications include macrosomic infant (12.0-17.0%), congenital malformations (6.5-20.0%), shoulder dystocia (9.5-23.3%), birth injury (4.5-13.3%), respiratory distress syndrome (1.5-21.4%), hypoglycemia (20.0-68.5%), hyperbiliruninemia (5.3-48.3%), and admission in neonatal care unit (15.0-20.6%) (Wang, 2013).These maternal and neonatal sequalae develop due to prolonged hyperglycemia. High levels of blood glucose can damage endothelial cells causing hypertensive disorder and its complications. Infants of pregnant women with GDM are also exposed to high maternal blood glucose levels (Webb, 2013). It is suggested that controlling blood glucose within the recommended range (70-120 mg/dl) will decrease these complications. GDM in pregnant women can be treated by medical nutrition therapy, insulin injection, and self-monitoring of blood glucose (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Testing of capillary blood for glucose levels is recommended as a diabetes self-management strategy.Pregnant women with GDM need to be advised and taught to collect blood sample from their fingertip and use a glucometer to measure blood glucose levels. Little is known about their perception and lived experience of self-monitoring of blood glucose. Understanding their perception and meaning regarding diabetes management will be useful to promote self-care, improve glycaemic control, and decrease maternal and neonatal health complications. METHODS Objectives of the study The objectives of this study were to describe perceptions and meaning of lived experience in self-monitoring of blood glucose and utilization of blood glucose levels for glycaemic control among pregnant women who have gestational diabetes mellitus. Research design This descriptive phenomenological study was designed to gain more understanding about lived experienced of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in self-monitoring of blood glucose. Specific qualitative research methods used in this study included bracketing the researcher perspectives, analyzing, intuiting, and describing perception and meaning of participants’ lived experience (Creswell, 2013; Touhyet al., 2013). Study setting This study was conducted in the antenatal care units, diabetes clinics, and obstetric wards of two government hospitals in southern Thailand which are the referral centers providing advanced management of pregnancy complicated with GDM. Ethical consideration The research project and data collection procedures were approved by Institutional Review Boards and ethics committees of the Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, and selected hospitals in southern Thailand. Participants Potential participants were approached and asked for participation by staff nurses. Informed consent was obtained by the researcher teams. Thirty pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during 24-30 week gestation were recruited for the study. Data collection Data were collected using in-depth interviews following semi-structured interview guides. Digital audio recording was used. The participants were asked to be interviewed at the antenatal clinic, diabetes clinic, or obstetric ward. Two interviews were conducted. Each interview took 30-45 minutes. Data were collected until saturation. Interview data were transcribed to prepare for coding and analyzing. Data analysis Qualitative data were analyzed followingColaizzi’s method and included seven steps: 1) Reading and re-reading descriptions, 2) extracting significant statements, 3) formulating the meaning of lived experiences in various contexts, 4) categorizing the meaning into clusters of themes, 5) describing the phenomenon being studied, 6) validating the finding with participants, and 7) incorporating informants’ view in the findings (Creswell, 2013). FINDINGS The mean age of participants was 32.5 (22-39 years). Seventeen women were Buddhists and thirteen women were Muslims. Their educational levels were high school (6/30), vocational level (14/30), and bachelor degree (10/30). Most of them were multiparous (22/30) and were employed (18/30). Eight women had previous GDM and experience of self-monitoring of blood glucose. The findings showed three emerged themes regarding perception and meaning of self-monitoring of blood glucose among pregnant women with GDM: being worried about diabetes, trying to control it, and having patience for their child. Being worried about diabetes comprised two dimensions: wondering about the impact of diabetes on the child, and concern about maternal health. After being informed that they had GDM, having high levels of blood glucose, they first thought abouthow diabetes would affect their pregnancy, particularly the effect on their child. They believed that their infant would be harmed or malformed, or have diabetes. The participants’ perceptions regarding GDM impact on child health were as follows. Another dimension of being afraid of diabetes was concern over maternal health. Pregnant women having GDM were also concerned about complications during pregnancy such as abortion, preterm labour, and having diabetes after childbirth. They shared their understanding as these words. The second theme was â€Å"trying to control it†. They gave two dimensions of trying to control diabetes that included: 1) learning to test blood glucose, and 2) being aware of what to eat. Learning to test blood glucose. After being diagnosed with GDM, diabetes nurse educators advised them about how to collect blood from the finger and use the glucometer to test blood glucose levels. Pregnant women needed to learn these new skills of self-monitoring of blood sugar. They shared their experiences as follows. Being aware of what to eat. Pregnant women with GDM paid more attention to take some healthy foods as recommended by doctors, nurses and dietitians. They learned to choose food type, portion size, and appropriate time to have breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks between meals. They provided additional data as follows. The third theme was â€Å"having patience for their child†. Pregnant women with GDM expressed the meaning of their experiences of self-monitoring of blood glucose in two dimensions: 1) overcoming food desires, and tolerating the fingerprick pain. The first meaning of having patience for the child was â€Å"overcoming food desires†. The women shared their experience of how they faced controlling their blood glucose. They had a struggle related to hunger due to cutting down on some favorite foods such as sweetened drinks, desserts and fruits. Sometimes they could not tolerate their food desire, they then decided to eat what they wanted. This response supports the idea. The second dimension of having patience for their child was â€Å"tolerating the fingerprick pain†. After being diagnosed with GDM, they were advised to test their blood glucose by pricking the fingertip to collect capillary blood to measure blood glucose levels with a glucometer for 8 to 12 weeks. They experienced mild intensity of pain that they had to cope with in order to achieve good glycaemic control. The women shared their tolerance with fingertip pain as follows. DISCUSSION After being diagnosed with GDM, pregnant Thai women were worried about the impact of diabetes on their child and their own health. They were afraid that their child might have diabetes or other health problems, or even die. A previous study also found that women with GDM experienced fear about the wellbeing of their babies and themselves (Stankiewiczet al., 2014). For maternal health, most of them were worried about becoming diabetic later in life. The research evidence revealed that women who had a history of GDM were at risk to develop prediabetes, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. Among women with GDM, 5-14% were subsequently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the postpartum period and 7-29% had impaired glucose tolerance (Bihanet al., 2014). Pregnant women with GDM needed to learn to measure their blood glucose levels by self-monitoring technique. They expressed their experience as â€Å"learning to test blood glucose† because it was a new activity with which they had no skill and were not familiar. After being advised by diabetes nurse educators, they could collect a blood sample from the fingertip and test it with the glucometer. This result was supported the finding that women who have GDM can manage to control their blood glucose after they cope with emotional strain (Huiet al., 2014; Stankiewiczet al., 2014). In addition, the women had learned to control their blood glucose by â€Å"being aware of what to eat†. After receiving knowledge about diabetes medical nutrition therapy from a dietitian and nurse educator, they shared their understanding of prior dietary pattern that needed to be changed, such as reducing the consumption of sweetened drink and desserts, or fruit with high glycemic index. They had learned about the kind of foods for diabetes and portion sizes. They perceived that awareness of dietary behaviors was necessary to control their blood glucose levels. A previous study also reported that pregnant women with GDM changed their health behavior after being informed of their health problems andthe way to improve their health (Bandyopadhyayet al., 2011; Hjelmet al., 2012). Lastly, pregnant women with GDM shared their experiences that they were â€Å"patient for their child†. They had to overcome their food desires and cope with pain from fingertip pricking during blood testing. Normally, they had their favorite foods such as Thai fruits and desserts. After becoming pregnant with GDM, they had to adapt their food habits in order to achieve good glycemic control. Sometimes, they would like to eat something that they wanted but they were concerned about its impact on their child. Eventually, they decided not to eat that food or took only a small amount. However, some women could not resign their food desire and chose to take food to eat it for their satisfaction. After they fulfilled their need, they tried to practise as recommended. This was her voice â€Å"In the afternoon, I felt thirsty. I tried to drink some water but it did not satisfy me. I continued to seek some sweetened drink that I like. I could not stop my desire, then I decided to tak e it. After that my blood sugar was as high as 215 mg/dl. I have learned what food raises my blood sugar. So I tried to face my feeling and overcome it for my child wellbeing and my health too.† Another experience of having patience for the child was â€Å"tolerating fingerprick pain†. Pregnant women with GDM were advised to self-monitor their blood glucose 2 to 3 times a day, before or after meals, for 8 to 12 weeks until they gave birth. They had to cope with mild intensity of pain. They expressed their responses that they could do it in order to prevent health problems of their child and themselves. This supports the finding that perception that GDM affects behaviors related to maternal and child health and influences the adoption of a healthy lifestyle (Poth Carolan, 2013). Limitations of the study Lived experienced of self-monitoring of blood glucose in this study was obtained from the perspectives among pregnant women with gestational diabetes. It might not fit with the meaning and perception of individuals who have experience the management of type 1 or type 2 diabetes over a longer time. Conclusions Pregnant women being diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus had lived experienced characterized by two main themes: being afraid of the effect of high blood glucose on their own healthand the impacts on their child, and trying to control blood sugar by being aware of what to eat, overcoming the food desires, responding to satiety, and tolerating to skin pricking. Understanding of the women’s perception is useful to promote diabetes self-management.

The Three Gorges Dam Essay -- China Gorges Dam Essays

The Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam is an unfinished project which will be the largest dam ever constructed on the planet Earth. It is situated in China on the third largest river in the world – the Yangtze. The dam has been debated over since the 1919 and is still a hot topic of debate because of its many pros and cons. In 1994 construction began on the dam, and it is expected to be finished by the year 2009. The massive dimensions of the dam are mind boggling and its functions – if the dam actually works – are truly remarkable; however, with such a large structure also comes difficulties, sacrifices, and cynics. The goal of this essay is to lend an understanding of the dam itself, the prospective benefits of the dam, and the potential drawbacks; this will provide the reader with a solid knowledge base to ascertain whether the dam will be advantageous or detrimental to the country of China. The debates started in 1919 when a man named Sun Yatsen proposed the idea of a dam on the Yangtze for power generation.[1] Since then the debates over whether or not to build the dam have not stopped. Since the early nineties when the project was finally approved the mission has seemed to be very scandalous. â€Å"It was believed that contractors have won bids through bribery and then skimped on equipment and materials to siphon off construction costs.†[2] Because of these corrupt cost cuts the parts of the dam have been poorly built. â€Å"The Chinese media recently reported several incidents in which corruption and poor construction have led to disasters at major building sites. Notable among the reports was the collapse of a steel bridge in the city of Chongqing in January 1999 that killed 40 people.†... ...tml [13] Ibid. www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [14] Adams, Patricia, Haggart, Kelly. Whose Behind China’s Three Gorges Dam, http://www.nextcity.com/probeinternational/ThreeGorges/who.html [15] Ibid. www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [16] Schmidt, Jeremy. China’s coming Flood. International wildlife v26 p34-43. S/O ’96 http://O-vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com.sculib.scu.edu/hww/results/results_si... [17] Ibid. www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [18] Ibid. www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [19] Ibid. www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [20] Ibid www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [21] Ibid www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [22] Ibid www.chinaonline.com/refer/ministry_profiles/threegorgesdam.asp [23] Ibid www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html [24] Ibid www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/yangtze.html

Children’s overall development needs Essay

Describe children’s overall development needs. The overall developmental needs of a child are: Physical Development, Intellectual Development, Language Development, Emotional Development and Social Development. These are all needed to make a well rounded child. Factors such as social, economic and environmental factors also affect a child positively or negatively for example a child’s emotional development may suffer due to a death or separation and so they may become angry and so will not be able to focus on school work and so their intellectual development may suffer too. The children’s overall development needs are: 1.The need for strong attachment with positive adults- Love and affection from their parents and carers is vital for their Emotional Development in order to learn to respect and trust others. 2.The need for competence and achievement- Children need a lot of opportunity to explore wide variety of experiences and interest to acquire the success and achievement to build their self esteem. 3.The need for physical activity- Children need to be active and physical exercise through physical activity for healthy muscle development in growing body. 4.The need for positive social interaction- Children need a lot of opportunity to experience positive relationships with peers outside their family such as school as well as with their family members to develop social skills. Younger children will learn through play from which they learn how to cope with others and enjoyment of sharing pleasant time with peers. These positive relationships provide them the comfort, respect, new idea and awareness of feeling. 5.The need for creative expression- Opportunities for creative expression is important to children’s intellectual and language development. Lots of opportunities help children develop the skills of expression to understanding and acceptance of themselves by speaking, writing or art. 6.The need for healthy lifestyle- Children need routine and nutritious diet in order to stay physically healthy and immune to health problems that affect negatively in all area of their developments. Read more:Â  Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors essay

Tips for Repurposing the Content

Tips for Repurposing the Content What is repurposing content? You may not be sure about what repurposing content is, but basically, it is making use of your old content and changing it up so that it can be relevant to people that you want to target for the posts. This is a good thing because you do not have to make up a new content from scratch. You can be sure that you will make your new content modern and relevant to a new group of people. Here are just some of the benefits that you can get from repurposing your content: You can make your favorite topic the latest thing to read again. Let us say that you have written about something that you are extremely proud of, and it has already been forgotten because of the new posts that you have put up. When you tweak it a bit, it will be just like new and people will be interested in reading it again. You can maximize the effort that you have made into making the content. When you write about something, there is no doubt that you have made effort into doing it. By repurposing your content, you are maximizing the efforts that you can give out. You can target new people. There is a chance that you have already reached out to some people in the past, but you would like to reach out to a new target audience this time around. Remember that it can be easy as long as you know how to repurpose your content effectively. Now when you’ve already known the benefits that can be received from repurposing, here are some things you ought to remember in order to repurpose your content well: Choose content that is popular – The fact that it is popular means that there are a lot of people who are interested in reading about it all over again. If you repurpose this, there are better chances that your content will be read again. Repurpose the post into a guide – Nowadays people like searching for tips on how to do certain things. Making an old blog post into a guide will surely be a hit. Add videos or images – Most of us better perceive the information with visual reinforcement. We tend to understand content more when there are videos or images that are included in blog post that used to be just full of words. You can also make an Infographics to what you have written about. Create a presentatinon – Â  Make interesting grafics with statistics, add meaningful quates, seaarch for realeted pictures. Share slides with advices and interesting tips to a social networks or such sites like SlideShare. It can provide additional opportunities for engagement target audience. There are a lot of variants how to repurpose your content. The type of content will differ depending on where you are going to post it. The best way to find out how to repurpose content effectively is to experiment.